A brief introduction to polymers and concepts of polymer modification of bentonite for barrier applications

Polymer-modified bentonite has reached significant attention in recent years, as polymers have been found to increase the resistance of clay barriers detrimental environmental conditions. Studies on polymer modification clays for barriers, most cases, address a specific with means based product. The term polymer, however, generally describes broad category macromolecules able create wide range possible properties modified clay. This article reviews basics use hydraulic provide general basis comparison and design different products methods. Basics both primary material categories, that is, clay, are presented, followed by polymer–clay interactions related charge structure. Possible enhancements associated modification, but also open questions addressed.